As already said, the colour of gills is mainly determined by activity and blood flow.
What I can not approve is a correlation between amount of oxygen and size of gills (at least not for axolotls, I do not have any experience with necturus). From my observations over the last years, axolotls living under the same conditions (meaning with the same water parameters, feeding rhythm or even in the same tank) may develop differenz sizes of gills - independent from the amount of oxygen. After all amphibians consume a lot of oxygen by their skin, meaning the whole body.
Opposed to that an influence seems to be in the pollution of the water; higher levels of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate seem to have a bad effect on gills (until now I can not determine if all of these "pollutants" or even the amount of them). Some other factors seem to be the age of the animals (older axolotls often have smaller gills) and even genetics (differents strains/breeds).
Maybe someone else has an idea.