I have two tiger salamanders and they are probably one of my favorite species ever. Mine will attack and try to swallow my fingers, too XD
Tiger salamanders are tough, so I'm sure you didn't do serious damage, but you should not rinse him in straight tap water anymore. Chlorinated water is poisonous to them. They can absorb oxygen, vitamins, and minerals through their skin in the water, so they are understandably very sensitive to chemicals. You should either treat you tap water to remove the chlorine & chloramine, or ideally use bottled spring water. Never use distilled water because it can actually leech vitamins and minerals from their skin if they soak in it for too long, robbing them of precious nutrients. If you choose to mist your tank you can mist with distilled water to prevent hard water spots from forming on the glass. This small amount of distilled water will not hurt your salamander, you just don't want him soaking in it.
Feed your salamander crickets, roaches, and earthworms. You should dust every other or every 3rd meal with Calcium+Vitamins+D3 powder. (I use Reptivite +D3)
They do not like heat, try to keep them cool. 65F-75F is great.
They will want moist substrate to burrow in. Use coconut fiber. Peat moss is too acidic for their sensitive skin, and potting soil will have chemicals in it. They enjoy hiding under a layer of sterilized dry oak leaves. You can boil or bake the leaves to sterilize them. The leaves are optional.
Give them a large water dish, at least 2" deep, no more than 5" deep. Fill the water area with bottled spring water or treated tap water.
They do not need any special lighting, but if you want to grow plants in their tank you'll want a full spectrum fluorescent bulb.