Excellent write-up, Azhael. I would add that "cf." is an abbreviation for Latin confer, the imperative form of the verb meaning "compare". So, for example, Ambystoma cf. tigrinum means: "an Ambystoma, compare to A. tigrinum". It is used for species which are known to be distinct but are not yet described.
Some generic names and their meanings (Gr.=Greek, L.=Latin):
Ambystoma- a tricky one; though by some to be a misspelling of Gr. amblus stoma, meaning "blunt mouth", but also suggested to be an elision of ana buein stoma, meaning "to stuff into the mouth"
Amphiuma- elision of Gr. amphi pneuma: "breathe on both sides"
Aneides- from Gr. aneidos: "shapeless"
Bolitoglossa- from Gr. bolitos glosse: "mushroom tongue"
Cryptobranchus- from Gr. kryptos branchion: "hidden gill"
Cynops- from Gr. kuon opsis: "dog face"
Desmognathus- from Gr. desmos gnathos: "bundle jaw"
Echinotriton- from Gr. echinos triton: "spiny triton" (Triton was a classical sea deity; European newts were originally placed in the genus Triton and that element is common in the names of various salamanders)
Ensatina- from L. ensatus: "sword-shaped"
Eurycea- made up by Rafinesque; he said it was a "mythological" name
Gyrinophilus- from Gr. gyrinos philos: "spring loving"
Ichthyosaura- from Gr. ichthus sauros: "fish lizard"
Mesotriton- from Gr. mesos triton: "middle triton"
Necturus- from Gr. nektos ouros: "swimming tail"
Neurergus- from Gr. neuron ergon: "sinew/nerve/string work"
Notophthalmus- from Gr. notos ophthalmos: "back eye"
Pachytriton- from Gr. pachus triton: "thick triton"
Plethodon- from Gr. plethore odon: "plenty of teeth"
Proteus- from Gr. proteus: mythical sea deity
Salamandra- from L. salamandra: mythical fire-loving creature
Siren- from Gr. siren: mythical sea creature
Taricha- from Gr. tarichos: "mummy"
Tylototriton- from Gr. tylotos triton: "knobbed triton"